Physical Science |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3.4
Physics
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
3.4.4 Grade 4: |
3.4.7 Grade 7: |
||
| 3.4.4 A Recognize basic concepts about the structure and properties of matter. | 3.4.7 A Describe concepts about the structure and properties of matter. | ||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
| Materials
have
different
characteristics
(e.g.,
texture,
color
opacity,
state)
Matter changes state as it is heated and cooled |
Categorize
different
materials
according
to
texture
(e.g.,
rough,
smooth,
soft,
hard)
(Primary)
Categorize different materials according to opacity (i.e., transparent or clear, translucent, opaque) (Primary) Categorize different materials according to state (i.e., solid, liquid, gas) (Primary) Categorize different materials according to solubility in water (Primary) Observe and identify water in its solid, liquid and gaseous forms and relate each form to its temperature (Primary) |
How
to
use
characteristic
physical
properties
(i.e.,
density,
solubility,
crystal
shape,
freezing,
hardness,
thermal
conductivity,
electrical
conductivity,
sound
speed,
opacity,
nuclear
cross
section,
color
and
friction)
Matter is made of smaller units called atoms
|
Charge
electrodes
and
surmise
that
elementary
atomic
particles
are
involved
by
observing
attraction
and
repulsion
Perform diffusion experiments with solids, liquids and gases and surmise the kinetic molecular theory of matter Observe and describe microscopes to observe Brownian motion in homogenized milk Create models of three different substances using colored balls or magnets |
| 3.4.4 C Observe and describe different types of force and motion. | 3.4.7 C Identify and explain the principles of force and motion. | ||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
|
There are forces that cause repulsion or attraction of objects Types of motion Movement can be described in relative terms The position of one object relative to another |
Observe that magnets attract or repulse each other (Primary) Deduce that like poles of magnets (N-N, S-S) repel and unlike poles (N-S, S-N) attract (Primary) Diagram attraction and repulsion of magnetic poles (Primary) Demonstrate objects sliding, rolling, flipping, moving up and down, and side-to-side (Primary) Demonstrate and identify rotational, circular and periodic movement (Primary/Intermediate) Demonstrate and differentiate between sliding and rolling friction (Intermediate) Identify and use simple machines (e.g., inclined plane, lever, pulley, wedge, wheel and axle) (Intermediate) Identify simple machines within compound machines (Intermediate) Identify relative movement of two objects as faster or slower, right or left, up or down and sliding or rolling (Primary) Describe the relative positions of two objects (over, under; beside, between; left, right; north, south, east or west) (Primary) |
Various types of simple and compound machines |
Demonstrate an understanding of electrical circuit subsystems Describe the motion of an object based on its position, direction and speed Classify fluid power systems Demonstrate knowledge of laws of motion in describing moving objects Explain various motions using modes (i.e., rotary, circular, periodic) Calculate the mechanical advantages of various simple and compound machines |
| 3.4.4 B Know basic energy types, sources and conversions. | 3.4.7 B Relate energy sources and transfers to heat and temperature. | ||||||||||||||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
||||||||||||
|
Sound has different qualities (e.g., pitch, loudness and echoes) Static electricity can cause forces of repulsion, attraction and sparks Two basic types of electrical circuits (series and parallel), which can be opened or closed The difference between conductors and non-conductors Energy has many forms and can be transferred from one form to another (e.g., friction, chemical reaction, heat, light, and electricity) Methods to quantify changes in temperature by use of a thermometer Heat can be reflected, refracted and absorbed Light can be reflected, refracted and absorbed |
Produce and compare sounds by describing them as higher or lower in pitch (Primary) Produce and compare sounds by describing them as louder or softer (Primary) Produce and identify an echo (Primary) Produce static electricity on objects and demonstrate repulsion and attraction of these objects (Primary) Diagram the repulsion and attraction of electrically-charged objects (Primary) Use static electricity to produce sparks (Primary) Construct a simple electrical circuit to demonstrate open and closed circuits (Primary) Construct a series circuit with a minimum of two light bulbs (Intermediate) Construct a parallel circuit with a minimum of two light bulbs (Intermediate) Compare series and parallel circuits (Intermediate) Diagram simple, parallel and series circuits (Intermediate) Construct a simple electrical circuit and use it to identify materials and conductors and non-conductors (Intermediate) Predict which materials will be conductors or non-conductors (Intermediate) Demonstrate heat production by friction (Primary) Demonstrate heat production by light (Primary) Demonstrate heat production by chemical reaction (Intermediate) Demonstrate heat production by electricity (Intermediate) Use a thermometer to measure changes in temperature (Primary) Measure and record heat production produced by a chemical reaction using a thermometer (Intermediate) Observe the effect of heat transferred by conduction and convection (Intermediate) Define and differentiate between conduction and convection of heat (Intermediate) Observe images produced by reflection of light ray (Primary) Observe refraction of light into the color spectrum (Primary) Produce and identify the colors of the spectrum by refracting light (Intermediate) Observe production of heat by absorption of light (Primary) |
The sun is a major source of energy that emits wavelengths of visible light and infrared and ultraviolet radiation |
Identify and describe sound changes in moving objects Explain the conversion of one form of energy to another by applying knowledge of each form of energy:
|
||||||||||||
|
The fundamental importance of mechanical and electromagnetic waves is their ability to transfer energy Light rays can produce an image and various lenses and reflective surfaces alter that image |
Demonstrate qualities of pitch, loudness and echoes through the production or identification of sounds (Intermediate) Use characteristics of light (e.g., reflection, refraction, absorption) to produce heat, color or images (Intermediate) Observe images produced by various reflective surfaces and deduce that the images seen change as the surfaces change (e.g., mirrors, water)(Primary) Observe objects through convex and concave lenses and note that concave lenses make objects appear smaller and convex lenses make objects appear larger (Intermediate) Diagram light rays passing through convex and concave lenses to produce an image (Intermediate) Find and measure the focal point of various convex lenses (Intermediate) |
The terminology used to describe waves (e.g., medium, wavelength, amplitude, velocity, frequency, loudness, pitch) The properties of mechanical waves The properties of electromagnetic waves The electromagnetic spectrum Convex and concave mirrors and lenses change light images |
Use steel Slinkies to model longitudinal and transverse waves Use steel springs at different inertia to model impedance matching and energy transfer Use wavepath drawings to show light rays in structures involving reflection and refraction Explain diffraction using a ripple tank Produce different pitches using a variety of vibrating mechanical systems (e.g., levers, bars, springs) |
||||||||||||
|
3.4.10 Grade 10: |
3.4.12 Grade 12: |
||
| 3.4.10 A Explain basic concepts about the structure and properties of matter. | 3.4.12 A Apply concepts about the structure and properties of matter. | ||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
|
Protons are subatomic positively charged particles Neutrons are subatomic particles with no charge and approximately the same mass as a proton Electrons are subatomic negatively charged particles with a mass much less than a proton or a neutron An atom consists of a nucleus containing the protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting the nucleus An element consists of atoms, each containing the same number of protons in the nucleus Atoms of different elements differ by the number of protons in the nucleus Elements located on the left side of the Periodic Table are classified as metals and elements on the right side are classified as non-metals Kinetic energy is proportional to the speed of an object Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of that substance Charles’ Law states that the volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas Pressure is a measure of the force applied on a given area Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it |
Determine the relative size of a molecule through a demonstration Draw and label an atom that contains a given number of protons, neutrons and electrons Identify an element using the Periodic Table, given the number of protons, neutrons and electrons Successfully predict the outcome of heating or cooling an inflated balloon Explain how to collapse a can with air pressure Compare/contrast the effect of force on varying area Develop an experiment to prove Boyle’s Law Demonstrate the relationship between pressure and volume using appropriate equipment |
Concepts of nuclear decay: alpha, beta, gamma Notations of subatomic particles Nuclear energy comes from the conversion of mass to energy The concept of half-life The concept of density Methods of determining volume |
Verbally interpret the three decay reactions of natural radioactivity Write and balance decay equations Calculate the energy equivalent of a given amount of mass Explain the conservation of mass-energy in any given energy interaction Demonstrate exponential decay Predict the radioactivity of a sample after a given number of half-lives Experimentally determine mass, volume and density of various solids and liquids |
| 3.4.10 C Distinguish among the principles of force and motion. | 3.4.12 C Apply the principles of motion and force. | ||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
|
Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electromagnetic force Six simple machines How to determine the mechanical advantage in a simple machine How mechanical advantage is affected by using a compound machine A fluid is a gas or a liquid The basic principles involved in reciprocating and turbine engines The definitions of scalars and vectors Newton’s Laws of Motion The concept of efficiency How to determine efficiency of a machine |
Demonstrate the relationship between electricity and magnetism by using a wire and a horseshoe magnet Assemble a compound machine using two or more simple machines Draw and explain a given fluid power system (e.g., windmill) Describe how a tire pump works Give examples of scalar and vector quantities State and explain Newton’s Laws of Motion Given a situation in which forces act on a mass, predict the resulting motion by using the appropriate Law of Motion Calculate the efficiency of a machine |
The three decay reactions of natural radioactivity The process for writing and balancing decay equations The energy equivalent of a given amount of mass Method of predicting the radioactivity of a sample after a given number of half-lives Procedure for experimentally determining mass, volume and density of various solids and liquids |
Explain the conservation of mass-energy in any given energy interaction Given a simple machine and resistance force, measure the effort force and calculate the work input, work output, ideal and actual mechanical advantages and efficiency of the machine Given a specific mechanical power system, propose modifications of the structural design and friction inherent in the system to improve its efficiency Given a specific collision, calculate the final velocities of the colliding objects Predict/calculate the maximum height, time of flight and range of a projectile given its speed and angle of launch Given mass, speed and radius of an object in uniform circular motion, calculate the centripetal acceleration and centripetal force Demonstrate exponential decay. Given an object moving in a vertical circle under the influence of gravity, calculate the minimum speed necessary to maintain circular motion at the top of its path. |
| 3.4.10 B Analyze energy sources and transfers of heat. | 3.4.12 B Apply and analyze energy sources and conversions and their relationship to heat and temperature. | ||
|
Know |
Do |
Know |
Do |
|
The difference between heat and temperature The first two laws of thermodynamics The basic methods of energy transfer: conduction, convection and radiation The basic concepts of electric circuits, including current, resistance, voltage, voltage drop and power The difference between series and parallel circuits The correct use of voltmeters and ammeters to measure voltage and current The basic concepts of kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and the conservation of mechanical energy The terminology that applies to mechanical and electromagnetic waves The concept that mechanical waves transfer energy How electromagnetic waves are produced and how their energy is converted to other forms The electromagnetic spectrum, its origins and uses |
In a given system involving bodies of different temperature, predict the energy transfer using the appropriate thermodynamic principle In a given situation, predict the dominant method of energy transfer By using simple circuit elements, construct series and parallel circuits Use the appropriate devices to measure the current and voltage for a circuit element Describe and evaluate the changes in potential energy, kinetic energy and mechanical energy as an object falls from a height Describe sound and light effects (e.g., Doppler effect, reflection, refraction, absorption) Measure and describe wave motion as it pertains to sound, light, and other objects (e.g., ocean waves, ropes, Slinkies) Use various mirrors and lenses to create images and trace light ray paths Describe the mechanism of sound propagation in solids, liquids and gases |
Ohm’s Law Circuit diagram symbolism Basic methods of energy transfer: conduction, convection and radiation The efficiency of heat engines The concepts of heat loss Cogeneration processes The terminology descriptive of waves (e.g., medium, amplitude, velocity, frequency, loudness, pitch) The properties of mechanical waves The properties of electromagnetic waves The range of the electromagnetic spectrum from x-rays to radio waves |
Calculate current and voltage drop at various places in the circuit, given a combination series and parallel circuit Diagram an electric circuit Wire the circuit, given a circuit diagram Describe the transfer of energy from the energy source to electrical production in a nuclear/fossil fuel power plant Identify possible methods/sites of heat loss in a given thermodynamic system and propose methods of correction Design thermodynamic systems that incorporate cogeneration Model the wave properties of longitudinal and transverse waves using Slinkies Observe energy transfer and impedance matching using Slinkies and a higher inertia steel spring Construct wavepath drawing using different mirrors and lenses to show lightray behavior involving reflection and refraction Design a ripple tank experiment to observe diffraction Design different mechanical systems that will vibrate to produce different pitches (e.g., bars, springs, water bottles) Using the kinetic molecular theory of matter, propose the mechanics of sound transfer in three different mediums |